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In China, nearly half of the elderly retired from factories suffer from hearing loss. However, they do not know that it is also an occupational disease.
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Neglected occupational diseases
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According to the statistics of NIH 1990, the proportion of noise induced hearing loss in adults is more than one-third. These people are mostly engaged in manufacturing, farm, garden, construction, mining and transportation. However, most of the workers who are engaged in these jobs don’t go to see a doctor until they retire or have serious hearing impairment, which often causes irreversible hearing loss.
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Noise has a variety of effects on hearing. When the noise intensity is low, it does not affect normal communication, which generally does not cause permanent damage to the auditory system. However, when the noise intensity is high and the exposure time is long, it will cause temporary hearing loss, which will last for a period of time after the noise stops, and continue to exceed the critical level It can damage the internal structure of cochlea and cause permanent hearing loss.
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Changes in noise induced hearing loss
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There are three kinds of changes in people’s hearing after exposure to strong noise, one is temporary threshold shift (nitts), the other is permanent threshold shift (nitps), and the third is hearing impairment.
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Temporary threshold shift refers to the temporary decrease of hearing sensitivity in the strong noise environment, which is manifested in the decrease of hearing sensitivity, the sense of ear tightness and tinnitus. The duration of this symptom is usually between hours and days, depending on the time and intensity of exposure to noise.
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When the temporary threshold shift can not be completely recovered, it will become a permanent threshold shift. But it is often caused by the accumulation of multiple temporary threshold shifts. When exposed to noise, the swollen hair cells will rupture, and there may also be hair cell distortion, static cilia fusion, or static cilia can no longer effectively transmit energy to hair cells. Serious even can lead to degeneration of auditory nerve fibers, which will change the central auditory system.
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If the number of damaged hair cells is small, there is no obvious auditory change in the early stage of noise exposure. People are often unable to detect such small changes by themselves. Only when they work in noisy environment for many years can they realize their hearing loss. Unfortunately, it is too late.
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Acoustic damage occurs in a strong noise exposure, such as explosion. Even if the exposure time is very short, but due to the high intensity, it may cause permanent damage to the cochlea. In addition to the direct damage to the inner hair cells of the cochlea, the tympanic membrane may also rupture, which should be paid attention to immediately.
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More than half of occupational diseases are hearing loss
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According to the statistics of Taiwan’s “occupational disease diagnosis and treatment network”, from 2014 to 2015, Taiwan’s occupational hearing loss accounted for 57.7% of occupational injuries, far higher than the traditional occupational diseases such as occupational musculoskeletal diseases. In terms of occupational categories, most of the hearing impaired people are engaged in manufacturing industry.
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According to the occupational safety and health administration of Taiwan’s Ministry of labor, currently there are only 10 occupational injury prevention and treatment centers and 68 network hospitals in Taiwan, while the number of reported occupational diseases in the past three years has reached more than 2000, 2242 in 2015 alone, with 1294 cases of occupational hearing loss accounting for the highest proportion, accounting for 57.7%, while the second is occupational musculoskeletal disease and the third is occupational disease Only 32.4% of the patients had skin diseases.
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Data of Taiwan Occupational Safety Administration
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Through data comparison, it is found that the incidence of occupational hearing loss has been rising rapidly in recent years, even not limited to the traditional manufacturing industry, but also spread in catering, construction and other industries. What’s more surprising is that office workers who belong to white-collar workers also have reports of occupational hearing loss on a small scale in recent years.
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The traditional manufacturing industry, textile industry and metal parts assembly and processing industry are the disaster areas that cause the hearing loss of employees. For example, the use of fast spinning machines or lathes, washing machines and punches, etc. can produce repetitive high-frequency noise. According to the survey, more than 90% of the front-line employees who have worked in the heavy manufacturing industry for more than 5 years have a slight hearing loss or hearing loss tendency, which is regrettable, Eighty percent of them did not wear hearing protection according to the standard. According to the doctor’s examination, their hearing loss is irreversible.
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In China, most of the people with hearing loss occupational disease are the old people retired from traditional manufacturing factories. Due to the lack of early knowledge of hearing labor protective equipment, more than half of the first-line retired workers have different degrees of hearing loss.
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Prevention of occupational hearing loss
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In order to prevent occupational hearing loss, it is not only necessary for employers to monitor the working environment on a regular basis, arrange the hearing health examination every year, but also to control the noise source and provide appropriate protective equipment. However, at present, there is no special requirement to wear labor protection equipment when working in high noise environment, which leads to a large number of people eventually going to hearing loss occupational disease.
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Therefore, we appeal that in the case of imperfect legal system, we should protect our hearing, such as wearing noise reduction earplugs, avoiding exposure to strong noise environment, etc. we should know how important a good hearing is to us, and no amount of money can be made to recover the irreversible hearing loss. Ear era is in the front of China’s hearing health in the field of hearing protection. In Beijing’s hearing health center, there are corresponding noise reduction and customized earplugs, which can help you protect your hearing in the noise environment. At the same time, many hearing impaired old people retired from the factory have recovered their hearing.
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Link：Hearing loss becomes an occupational disease, and the retired people in factories are the main body
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