What about occupational noise deafness? Is it well cured?

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Occupational noise deafness refers to the chronic progressive inner ear sound damage caused by long-term exposure to steady-state noise environment. The most vulnerable part is located at the place 10-12 mm from the basal membrane of the cochlea to the oval window. With the increase of the exposure time, the affected area of the basal membrane gradually expands, starting to expand to the high-frequency area, and then the low-frequency side can also be affected, resulting in mechanical damage to hair cells and acoustic hair Lodging, fusion, abscission, and lead to metabolism disorder of inner ear, enzyme activity reduction and other biochemical changes, eventually lead to hair cell destruction. Long term exposure to noise will eventually cause noise induced deafness, but the intensity of noise, exposure time, physical characteristics of noise and individual differences and other factors can affect the occurrence and development of damage.

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Introduction to occupational noise deafness:

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Noise deafness is induced by noise. The occurrence of occupational noise deafness is the result of the long-term chronic effect of noise on human auditory organs, which is manifested as the chronic degenerative disease of the sensory sound system. Noise widely exists in people’s work process and environment. Noise deafness is one of the common occupational diseases. It can do harm to many systems of human body, such as nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system and digestive system, but the main and specific damage is in the auditory organ. The characteristics of noise induced hearing loss are as follows: at the initial stage, the hearing loss is from 3000hz to 6000Hz in the high frequency range, and the cells in the basal part of the cochlea are damaged, denatured and necrotic. With the extension of noise exposure time, the disease becomes worse, and develops to the language frequency range of 500, 1000 and 2000Hz, eventually leading to large or whole parts of the cochlea, especially when the top is damaged, obvious language hearing impairment will appear. Noise hazard has become one of the major hazards in the world, and noise pollution has been regarded as the first of the seven major public hazards in the world.

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[clinical manifestations]

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1. Progressive hearing loss

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At the beginning of noise exposure, the hearing is slightly dull. If you leave the noise, the hearing can be restored after a few minutes. This phenomenon is called auditory adaptation. If under the action of persistent strong noise, the hearing is obviously dull and can be recovered after several hours, it is called hearing fatigue. If further received noise stimulation, it may lead to hearing loss, not easy to recover.

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2. Tinnitus

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It may appear earlier than deafness, or develop at the same time with deafness. It is high pitched. Cicada’s chirp is common. It is often disturbed day and night, and aggravates when it is quiet.

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3. Others: headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, memory loss, slow response, depression, palpitation, blood pressure rise, nausea, anorexia, dyspepsia and other symptoms may occur.

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Etiology

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When the noise exceeds 85-90db, it will cause damage to the cochlea, which is related to the following factors:

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1. Noise spectrum characteristics

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Under the same intensity, the damage of high-frequency noise to hearing is more serious than that of low-frequency noise, and the damage of narrow-band noise or pure tone to hearing is more serious than that of wide-band noise.

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2. Noise intensity

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The frequency of noise deafness increases with the increase of noise intensity.

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3. Noise type

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Impulse noise is more harmful than steady-state noise.

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4. Contact time and method

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Continuous exposure is more harmful than intermittent exposure; the longer the duration of exposure to noise is, the heavier the hearing loss will be; the closer the noise source is, the more vulnerable the hearing loss will be.

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5. Individual susceptibility

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Those who are old and weak, who have suffered from sensorineural deafness, are vulnerable to noise damage. Some people think that the noise damage of tympanum perforation with broken ossicular chain is relatively light.

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Treatment of noise deafness

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1. Drug treatment

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Drug therapy is generally divided into traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. General drug treatment is aimed at the patients with low noise deafness level and mild illness. Traditional Chinese medicine is used in the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, the traditional Chinese medicine therapy of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, unblocking collaterals and opening orifices, or the acupuncture treatment. Western medicine, on the other hand, is a combination of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Drug therapy has a good effect in the treatment of mild deafness, but it is less effective in the patients with chronic or severe symptoms of noise deafness.

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2. Surgical treatment

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High risk: hearing reconstruction, tympanoplasty and cochlear implant. Surgical treatment is required to be precise and strict. Advanced medical equipment and a first-class doctor team are needed to cooperate. There are certain risks in the treatment of patients, and they can not fully recover.

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3. Physical therapy

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At present, the common physical therapy in clinic includes microwave therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, iontophoresis, high frequency electromagnetic wave local irradiation and so on. These belong to the traditional treatment.

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