Characteristics and causes of tinnitus

The causes of tinnitus are diseases of auditory organs and diseases of non auditory organs. Diseases of auditory organs are the main factors. Tinnitus caused by different factors has its own characteristics.

The causes of hearing organ damage are as follows:

Noise: Generally speaking, a sound above 85 decibels can be called noise. If you are in this environment for a long time, it will cause damage to the auditory system, even music. Tinnitus caused by noise can be caused by one-off strong sound contact or long-term and frequent contact, and most of them are accompanied by hearing loss. At the same time, noise can also cause high blood pressure, rapid respiration, affect digestion, fetal development, sleep, etc.

Drugs: tinnitus caused by drugs often has susceptible population. For sensitive patients, even small doses of such drugs may cause ototoxicity. Common drugs are antibiotics: gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, neomycin, tobramycin. Most of the hearing damage caused by erythromycin can recover automatically after drug withdrawal. When azithromycin and clarithromycin are used in large doses of intravenous drugs, they will cause hearing damage, mainly hearing loss. Chemotherapy drugs: such as Shunbo, vinblastine, vincristine. Diuretic: such as furosemide. In addition, there are salicylates (such as aspirin), non steroidal drugs, quinine, etc. This kind of tinnitus is mostly high pitched, such as the sound of a tea stove whistle or whistle.

Head and neck injury: it can be caused by the injury of the auditory organ itself or the blood supply obstacle of the ear and the damage of the cerebral cortex caused by the injury.

Inflammation: chronic otitis media and otitis externa may cause tinnitus due to the migration of inflammation to the inner ear. Because the first one is the basal gyrus near the inner wall of the middle ear, the tinnitus is usually high pitched.

Lack of elements: recent studies have found that zinc plays a certain role in the occurrence of tinnitus, especially in tinnitus patients without hearing loss, whose blood zinc concentration is lower than normal.

Self diseases of hearing organs: Meniere’s disease, otosclerosis, acoustic neuroma, self diseases of hearing organs caused by non external or unknown factors, whose symptoms are not only tinnitus and hearing change, but also non ear symptoms such as balance disorder, autonomic nerve dysfunction (such as dizziness, sweating, nausea), headache, etc.

Aging: degeneration of auditory nerve endings and inner ear hair cells with aging is also an important cause of tinnitus, but there are individual differences. Heredity and physical condition are important factors of tinnitus in the elderly.

The main factors of non auditory organ diseases are as follows:

Vascular factors: vascular tinnitus can be objective or subjective. The reasons for this may be: arteriovenous malformation, hemangioma, arteriosclerosis, persistent stapes artery, carotid artery displacement, ruptured jugular vein tumor, etc. In addition, the noise caused by organic heart disease, the increase of cardiac output caused by pregnancy, anemia and hyperthyroidism, and the benign intracranial hypertension, which is more common in women and overweight people, can also cause tinnitus. Most of them are pulse frequency pulsations or noisy tinnitus, which are caused by the blood flowing around the auditory organs.

Over opening of the eustachian tube: it is caused by the continuous opening of the eustachian tube. The patient can hear the sound of the waves as he breathes. He can often hear himself speaking in the brain. The sound will be reduced after lying down. This kind of tinnitus is often caused by excessive emaciation and the lack of tissue around the wall of the eustachian tube.

Blocked Eustachian tube: wind or heartbeat can be heard. The change of middle ear pressure caused by sound vibration can not be effectively released through eustachian tube. After pinching the nose, the symptoms will disappear.

Muscle spasm: soft palate spasm is the muscle inducement of tinnitus, which is manifested as fast (60-200 times / second), repetitive and intermittent sounds, such as clicking sound.

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