The culprit of children’s deafness

1. Drugs

The drugs that cause deafness mainly include aminoglycosides, salicylates, antineoplastic drugs and alcohol. The common ones are streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, zimycin, tobramycin, balonemycin, polymyxin B, quinine, aspirin, etc.

Preventive measures: drug induced deafness can be prevented. During pregnancy (especially within 3 months), the mother should prohibit some drugs that damage the inner ear of the fetus, such as streptomycin. For people with family history of deafness caused by drugs, they should be especially careful when taking drugs. If they have to use drugs, they should start with the minimum dose. It is forbidden to use drugs with serious damage to the auditory nerve for children. For example, neomycin is the most toxic to the inner ear, which can cause sensorineural deafness in both ears. Streptomycin sulfate and dihydrostreptomycin, the former damage vestibular organs, the latter damage cochlear organs. When ototoxic drugs must be used, they should be closely observed, especially whether there is tinnitus, dizziness and other phenomena, so as to achieve early detection and take measures early.

2. Otitis media

Due to the anatomical structure of the eustachian tube, children often suffer from bacterial infection in the middle ear cavity and acute suppurative otitis media when they suck milk or feel sick or vomit in a flat position with a cold. When the purulent fluid in the middle ear cavity increases continuously, the child will cry because of the aggravation of earache, and the pressure of the increase of the purulent fluid in the middle ear cavity will also cause the perforation and rupture of the tympanic membrane. If not treated in time or not thoroughly, it will cause chronic suppurative otitis media, and the impact on hearing will become more and more serious.

Preventive measures: otitis media can be divided into acute otitis media and chronic otitis media. Acute otitis media is an acute suppurative inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, and the most common infection is through the eustachian tube. Cold is one of the main causes of otitis media. Prevention of cold can reduce the incidence of otitis media.

Blowing your nose in the wrong way can also cause otitis media. Correct blowing method: hold one nostril with your finger, blow out the other nostril with a little force, and blow the other side with the same method. If the infant sucks in the supine position, because the eustachian tube of the infant is relatively straight, the lumen is short and the inner diameter is wide, the milk can be choked into the middle ear through the eustachian tube to cause otitis media. Therefore, the mother should take the seat when feeding the baby, hold the baby in an oblique position, and suck the milk vertically on the head.

3. Trauma

When children are naughty, some parents slap their children vigorously in anger; during the festive season, the firecrackers suddenly explode in their children’s ears, and the huge waves of air directly hit the eardrum in the ear canal; when swimming, the ears hit the water surface, all of the above external forces will cause the eardrum to rupture, perforation, and directly cause hearing loss.

Preventive measures: parents should pay more attention to their children’s actions at ordinary times to avoid accidents. Pay attention to distance when setting off firecrackers and safety when swimming. It is harmful to the ears to prevent pulling, pulling and slapping.

4. Periauricular diseases

The pathological changes of the adjacent organs around the ears sometimes involve the middle ear cavity, thus causing hearing loss. Such as rhinitis, paranasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, etc.

Preventive measures: with active treatment of the disease, do not take it lightly.

5. Ear digging

When children cry about itchy ears, some parents will pick up hairpin, short stick, sweater needle and other things to dig blindly in their children’s ears. At this time, as long as a little negligence or inadvertent collision by others, it is very easy to pierce the thin tympanic membrane in the depth of the children’s ear canal, resulting in tympanic membrane rupture and perforation, not only causing earache and bleeding, but also making the outer ear and the middle ear cavity directly connected, so that bacteria will take advantage of the situation and cause infection. Tympanic membrane is involved in sound transmission. If tympanic membrane is perforated, it will directly affect children’s hearing.

Preventive measures: it’s better to use cotton swab to pull out “earwax”, turn it gently in the external ear canal, and then turn it downward, cerumen can come out by itself; don’t form ear digging habit and dig frequently, usually once a week or so, but in places with more dust or people with “oil ear” can be a little shorter. If the ear is not pulled out for a long time, cerumen embolism may be formed. At this time, it should be taken out with special equipment in the hospital.

6. Noise

Compared with adults, children are more vulnerable to noise, which can cause hearing loss, and often make their hearing gradually decrease without any perception. Although hearing aids can help children hear sound, they can’t fundamentally cure hearing impairment just as myopia glasses can’t cure vision.

Preventive measures: avoid children in noisy environment for a long time, avoid common noise pollution sources in life, such as TV, or high volume stereo. When there is noise around the child for a long time, it is better for parents to bring earplugs to protect the child’s hearing, or take the child away from the pollution source. To ensure that all the heating equipment and refrigeration appliances in the home can meet the standard in terms of noise, and pay attention to whether the children have noise pollution sources in school and other living environment.

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