Due to the aging and degeneration of the hearing organ caused by the aging of the elderly deafness, the binaural symmetrical slow progressive sensorineural hearing loss occurs. Generally, the age is limited to 65 years old in foreign countries and 60 years old in China. There are great individual differences in age and speed of occurrence of presbycusis. The incidence rate varies with the environment, living habits and eating habits of different areas. Generally, the incidence rate in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas, and that in high-fat areas is higher than that in non high-fat areas. The incidence rate in men is twice as high as that in women.
It is confirmed that there are many pathological changes in the auditory organs of the elderly. Atrophy and deletion of cochlear hair cells, thickening and fibrosis of cochlear basement membrane, atrophy and degeneration of stria vascularis, decrease of blood flow, degeneration of spiral artery and ligament of cochlea, and abnormality of synaptic structure. Therefore, presbycusis contains cochlear lesions and retrocochlear lesions, which is special for the audiological detection of presbycusis. The hearing test of the elderly includes the routine audiological examination and the location of central lesions. The former is pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance, etc. The latter refers to central auditory assessment. Central auditory assessment can be divided into subjective assessment and objective assessment.
Hearing loss in the elderly usually starts from high frequency and gradually develops to low frequency. When it comes to language frequency, it leads to unclear listening, obvious decline in speech ability compared with pure tone hearing, or significant decline in language recognition ability in noisy environment, and some of them are revived. Most of them are bilateral symmetrical progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss is rare. Most of the hearing curve was high frequency decline. Generally, they are gradient type and steep drop type, sometimes they are flat type. Senile deafness is often accompanied by vertigo, drowsiness, tinnitus, crankiness, etc.
Modern medical level can not effectively treat senile deafness, so we should wear hearing aids to improve hearing and quality of life.
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Link：What is presbycusis?
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